Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms develop methods to protect themselves against the effects of antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance is a subset of AMR that refers to bacteria that develop resistance to antibiotics.
Infections caused by unaffected bacteria are more difficult to treat, necessitating greater antibiotic doses or alternative treatments that may be more hazardous. These approaches may be more expensive as well. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are those that are resistant to numerous antimicrobials.
- Limiting a drug's intake
- Changing a drug's target
- Drug inactivation
- Drug efflux that is active
Biotechnologies
Biotechnology is the exploration and extraction of high value-added products from any living organisms and any source of biomass through biochemical engineering, where high value-added products can be planned, forecasted, formulated, manufactured, and marketed for the purpose of gaining long-term patent rights.
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, species, or systems to create goods that are expected to benefit human lives.
- Animal Biotechnology
- Medical Biotechnology
- Industrial Biotechnology
- Environmental Biotechnology
- Plant Biotechnology
Clinical Care Informatics
Clinical informatics, often known as health informatics, is the study of how technology and data analytics can be utilised to improve patient care plans. Given the increased availability of digital patient information from electronic health records (EHRs), medical pictures, and other sources, providers rely on quality and up-to-date data and technology when assessing their patients.
Physicians, nurses, chemists, and therapists collect and share data in order to develop a patient treatment plan. Various types of technology and equipment are used by doctors during this procedure to collect, store, and distribute patient information.
- Medical informatics
- Clinical informatics
- Pharmacy informatics
- Public health informatics
- Biomedical informatics
- Bioinformatics
Covid-19 & Health
It is the most extensive category for an RNA virus. In most situations, it is impossible to tell if your fever is caused by coronavirus or another cold-causing virus.
The newly detected coronavirus, known as "COVID-19," can cause pneumonia and, like other respiratory infections, has an incubation period of 1 to 14 days.
Diabetes and Obesity
Obesity increases fatty acid levels and inflammation, which leads to insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all diabetes cases.
Almost 90% of type 2 diabetics are overweight or obese. But why is this so? Obesity, on the other hand, generates increased levels of fatty acids and inflammation, which leads to insulin resistance, which can progress to type 2 diabetes.
- Endometrial Cancer
- Acid Reflux Disease
- High Cholesterol
- Gestational diabetes
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- High blood pressure
Dermatology
Dermatology diseases range from simple skin rashes to severe skin infections caused by a variety of factors such as infections, heat, allergies, system problems, and drugs. Dermatitis is the most frequent skin condition.
- Acne
- Autoimmune diseases
- Dermatitis
- Hemangioma
- Itchy skin
- Psoriasis
- Skin cancer
- Skin infections
Paediatrics Health
Paediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the health and medical care of children and adolescents from birth to the age of 18. Paediatricians can quickly comprehend how different infections and illnesses can affect a child's health, general wellness, and intellectual potential.
Paediatricians play a variety of tasks, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of health issues in children. They may be involved in acute, chronic, and preventive medical care, with an emphasis on all children's total physical, emotional, and mental health.
- Child Abuse Paediatrics
- Developmental and Behavioural Paediatrics
- Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
- Paediatric Cardiology
- Paediatric Critical Care Medicine
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine
Disability and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is described as a series of therapies meant to improve functioning and reduce disability in people with chronic illnesses who interact with their surroundings.
The primary goal of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) is to guarantee that people with disabilities can maximise their physical and mental abilities, have frequent access to services and opportunities, and achieve full community inclusion.
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational therapy
- Speech therapy
- Orientation and mobility training
Women’s Health and Complications
Women in developed countries have decreased the gender gap in life expectancy and are now living longer than males; but, in a number of health domains, they endure earlier and more severe disease with inferior results. Gender continues to be a major social determinant of health because women's health is influenced not only by their biology but also by external factors such as poverty, job, and family responsibilities. While the rates of the primary causes of death in men and women are similar, women have different experiences. Lung cancer has surpassed all other malignancies as the main cause of cancer death in women, followed by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and cervical cancer. Cardiovascular disease, depression, dementia, osteoporosis, and anaemia are other major health issues for women.
- Heart Disease
- Breast Cancer
- Ovarian and Cervical Cancer
- Gynaecological Health
- Pregnancy Issues
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Depression and Anxiety
- Health Technology for Women.
Advanced healthcare & Innovations
Health innovation is defined as the development of new or improved health policies, systems, products, and technology, as well as facilities and transfer techniques that improve people's health, with a particular emphasis on the requirements of vulnerable groups. The future of healthcare is coming to life right in front of our eyes, thanks to advancements in digital healthcare equipment such as artificial intelligence, VR/AR, 3D-printing, robots, and nanotechnology. We must be clear with the latest changes in order to govern technology rather than the other way around.
Production increases allow organisations to perform more with fewer personnel, lowering payroll expenses. Travel costs can be reduced if communication is improved. Data storage can help you save money on warehousing and server upkeep.
- Personalized Medicine
- Tele health
- Block chain
- AI & Machine Learning.
- Cancer Immunotherapy
- Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality
- Robotic Surgery
Alzheimer’s and Dementia
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that causes memory, cognitive, and behavioural issues. Dementia is defined as the loss of psychological working thinking, memory, and thinking and social capacities to the point when it interferes with an individual's daily life and workouts. Memory, language skills, visual observation, critical thinking, self-management, and the ability to centre and focus are examples of these abilities. Some people with dementia are unable to manage their emotions, and their personalities may change. Everyone's disease progresses at a different rate, but in general, people with Alzheimer's survive for a long period after symptoms appear. While there are no medications available to prevent Alzheimer's disease from progressing, there are medications available to address dementia adverse effects.
- Amyloid Hypothesis
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Motor neuron diseases
- Parkinson plus syndrome
- Vascular dementia
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Cognitive impairment
- Neurological examination
Digital health and health care IT
It includes all of the in-depth discussions on telemedicine, medical imaging, mobile health, personalized medicine, wearable medical devices, genomics and genetic information, big data and data management, wellness and prevention, health care simulation, patient accessibility, rules, and the social and ethical ramifications of medical advancements. This conference's main goal is to give attendees a chance to network, engage in conversation, and share fresh perspectives on digital health and health IT.
Nutritional Public Health
The study of prevention that poses a risk to a community's overall health is known as public health. This is the time to promote well-being and a better quality of life through food security, food safety, and the encouragement of a healthy diet, regular exercise, and positive lifestyle choices. You may also help with the coordination of food and nutrition services during local, state, and federal emergencies at this time. For a healthy life and the advancement of Quality Improvement Tools and Electronic Clinical Quality Measures, this stage strives to highlight how important it is to maintain a balance between food and nutrition.
Safety of Patients
Patient safety is defined as the effort to minimize and moderate dangerous acts within the context of medical services, and using best practices appeared to result in perfect patient outcomes. There are many facets to patient security, and it's critical that everyone involved in patient health, including patients, their families, and social insurance professionals, be aware of the problems, relief processes, and best practices for ensuring on-going security for everyone.
Health Technologies
Technology in the health care industry is developing quickly. The application of specialized knowledge in the areas of equipment, drugs, vaccines, techniques, and systems designed to simplify medical procedures, reduce costs, and enhance quality of life. Numerous lives have been saved because to on-going technical developments in medical treatment and many more people now enjoy greater personal happiness. Innovation has altered interactions between patients and their families as well as the actions of healthcare professionals. It also has a significant impact on medical processes.
Primary Health Care Session
A primary care provider is someone who provides medical attention. As the patient's initial point of contact, primary source of on-going treatment, and coordinator of any additional specialized care the patient might require, this provider serves as the patient's first point of contact throughout the healthcare system. Primary care physicians frequently provide patients with basic medical treatment. Internist refers to doctors who specialize in internal medicine.
Nursing and Midwifery
Nursing encompasses self-governing and synergistic consideration of individuals, families, groups, and networks, as well as environments where individuals are sick or well. It includes promoting health, preventing illness, and providing for the needs of those who are ill, disabled, or dying. Medical assistants play a crucial role in providing medical care and are frequently the underappreciated but genuinely outstanding people in medical care offices and crisis response. They frequently recognize health emergencies before others do and they are at the forefront of anti-infection research and the delivery of basic medical care, such as advancement, anticipation, therapy, and restoration.
Hospitals are using an excellent nursing healthcare system to enhance nursing healthcare administration and medical help.
Novel Coronavirus
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly known as 2019-nCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes the illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This coronavirus was first discovered during a respiratory illness outbreak in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On December 31, 2019, the WHO was primarily notified. When a coronavirus initially infects a human, it often happens as a result of contact with an infected animal. Even though bats are some of the other most common carriers, they rarely directly infect people with coronaviruses. An intermediary animal, which is typically but not always a domestic animal, may instead be the route by which the virus spreads.
Emergency Planning
Emergency management is the planning, organizing, and carrying out of the responsibilities for all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparation, response, mitigation, and recovery). Reducing the negative impacts of all risks, including disasters, is the aim.
An emergency, according to the World Health Organization, is a situation in which regular operations are disrupted and immediate action (management) is required to keep it from turning into a disaster, which is much more difficult to recover from. This involves gathering, managing, and analysing large amounts of data with the goal of incorporating data-driven strategies into each stage of the emergency management cycle.
Technology in Pharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery
The medical field and society are greatly benefited by the multidisciplinary nature of research in pharmaceutical sciences. There are now several topics in the field, but Drug Delivery claims to be of greater importance. Drug Delivery techniques now have a multidisciplinary aspect and fall under the larger topic's umbrella of various disciplines and sub disciplines.
Diabetes and Healthcare
The prevalence of diabetes has increased, and more care is being provided and managed by skilled medical nurses. It is a condition when the body loses its ability to produce or react to the hormone insulin, resulting in improper carbohydrate metabolism and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine. The roles of specialists and healthcare providers have evolved. Consistent diabetes surveys are linked to improved glycemic control, and during the past ten years, practices have shown improvements in glycemic control. Practices that used more medical professionals not only delivered more treatment overall with proportionate results, but also reduced the amount of time patients spent with primary care doctors.
Investments in experts' chances do not always have the duty of being offset by the additional costs of time spent with other professionals, particularly healthcare workers.
Management of Healthcare
The control of healthcare is sometimes known as healthcare system administration, public health services, hospital networks, or other prospective medical facilities. These professionals' responsibilities include, among other things, making sure that each department is correctly run, that appropriate candidates are hired, that information is distributed effectively throughout the organization, that certain goals are met, and that resources are spent effectively.
Pediatric Health
Pediatrics is the area of medicine that deals with the health and medical needs of children and adolescents from birth to age 18. Pediatrics literally translates to "healing of children." Children's injuries, infections, genetic and congenital problems, cancer, etc. are just a few of the health issues that pediatricians identify and treat.
Pathology and healthcare
Disease is studied in pathology. Pathology is referred to as "that branch of treatment which treats of the basic idea of Disease," according to certain sources. The Greek words "pathos" and "logos," which respectively denote "a treatise" and "disease," are the source of the English word "pathology." A pathologist is a restorative specialist with real-world pathology experience. Experts at deciphering microscopic images of body tissues are pathologists. A subfield of medical research known as pathology focuses on the cause, origin, and nature of disease. In order to consider and analyse disorders, it comprises the investigation of tissues, organs, natural liquids, and post-mortem examinations.
Hypertension
The risk of heart disease and stroke is increased by high blood pressure, sometimes known as hypertension. Risk factors for hypertension include obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and family history. Beta-blockers are frequently used to treat hypertension. Symptoms of high blood pressure are uncommon. The main risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, eyesight loss, and chronic kidney disease is long-term high blood pressure.
- Arterial hypertension
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Gestational hypertension
- Causative factors, risk assessment & complications
- Blood clot & high pressure risk
- Nursing management of hypertension
- Anti-hypertensive medications
- Diet and life style in hypertension management
- Cerebrovascular disease- disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain
Oncology
Organ-specific cancer is typically referred to by the organ in which it first appeared in the body. More than 100 different forms of cancer can develop in any part of the body. Prostate cancer affects men more frequently than breast cancer does in women. Both men and women frequently develop colorectal and lung cancer. Cancer is also classified according to the type of cell that created it, such as an epithelial or squamous cell. Depending on where the cancer is located in the body organ, there are several types of cancer. These malignancies fall under the heading of organ malignancies.
- Breast Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Ovary Cancer
- Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
- And Others
Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery is an optional or elective procedure done on healthy body parts with the sole goal of enhancing a person's appearance and/or eradicating indications of ageing. Breast augmentation, liposuction, breast reduction, eyelid surgery, and abdominoplasty are the five most popular cosmetic procedures. The statistics for 34 various cosmetic treatments are examined by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Nineteen of the procedures include surgery, including facelifts and rhinoplasty. Botox and laser hair removal are examples of nonsurgical therapies. In the United States, the use of cosmetic operations has increased across racial and ethnic lines, with rises among Caucasian Americans as well as African-Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans. Organ-Specific Cancer is frequently identified by its location in the body.
- Breast reconstruction
- Vitiligo surgery
- Bariatric surgery
- Brachioplasty
Pancreatic Diseases
The pancreas is an organ in the human body that is located in the abdomen. Pancreatic disorders are illnesses that affect this organ. The pancreas contributes to the function of the endocrine and digestive systems by creating the hormone insulin and the digestive enzymes that help with digestion. Pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas that can be either acute or chronic, is the most prevalent pancreatic ailment. Diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, Cystic fibrosis, pseudocysts, cysts, congenital abnormalities, neoplasms, and Hemosuccus pancreatic is are further pancreatic ailments.
- Pancreatic cancer
- Diabetes mellitus
- Pancreas malfunction
- Cystic fibrosis
- Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
- Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- Hemosuccus pancreatic us
- Pseudocysts
Trauma & Critical Care
Instead of focusing on cute tiny accommodations, the Critical Care thought method focuses on the level of thought that specific patients require at various points in their clinical journey towards the Critical Care gatherings. Most frequently, clinical decision-making guidelines are regarded as best practise for an unwaveringly commonplace proximity in the biomedical system, tending to one process of updating and creating with the aim of improving the capability ability and sufficiency of remedial organisations developments like Trauma Events.
- Trauma & emergency care
- Geriatric critical care
- Obstetric trauma
- Trauma therapy
- Patient and family education in critical care
Infectious diseases
Disorders called infectious diseases are those brought on by bacteria, viruses, fungus, or parasites. Many organisms snooze inside and on top of our bodies. They are usually innocuous or even helpful, however under some circumstances, some creatures can be harmful. People can spread some infectious diseases to one another. Some are spread through insect or animal bites. Others, however, are acquired from consuming tainted food or water or coming into contact with environmental organisms. The infection's signs and symptoms might vary depending on the organism that is causing the infection, but typically include fever and exhaustion. While some mild infections may respond to rest and home remedies, some serious infections may require hospitalisation. Vaccines can protect against a number of infectious diseases, including contagious illness and varicella. Additionally helpful is frequent and thorough hand cleaning..
- Allergies
- Colds and Flu
- Conjunctivitis ("pink eye“)
- Diarrhoea
- Headaches
- Mononucleosis
- Stomach Aches
Infection Prevention & Control
To keep the transmittable contaminations out of all therapeutic administration settings, disease prevention and control are necessary. In order to avoid and regulate pollution, one must have a fundamental awareness of the methods used to track the spread of diseases, the risks that extend to those who are already vulnerable to illness, and the methods, techniques, and remedies that may result in pollutions.
- Hand hygiene
- Contact precautions
- Airborne precautions
- Droplet precautions
- Healthcare associated infections
Psychiatry vs. Psychology
Both the fields of psychiatry and psychology have the goal of assisting individuals in maintaining their mental and emotional well-being. However, there are clear differences between the therapies approaches used to achieve the goal. While psychiatry also uses pharmaceuticals and other medications like ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy), brain research focuses on administering mental meds like lead treatments. Psychologists and therapists collaborate to provide patients with both direct and clinical care.
- Emergency psychiatry
- Cognitive psychology
- Behavioural psychology
- Experimental psychology
- Applied psychology